Interview with the endocrinologist of the National Hospital Nigora Tulaeva.
Are there statistics on endocrine system diseases?
– The prevalence of diabetes among adults is about 10-11%, and the rate is growing. According to the DDS organization, the annual increase in cases in Kazakhstan is about 5-8%. Especially due to iodine deficiency, the number of thyroid diseases increases.
What symptoms should you contact an endocrinologist?
– If an elderly person has pollination, polyuria, weakness, body weight abnormality, tachycardia, dry skin – these are clinically significant signs of carbohydrate metabolism or thyroid function (for example, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus). In this case, an endocrinologist should be consulted immediately. Its treatment can lead to vascular complications and metabolic complications.
We often hear about diseases such as pancreatic disorders, diabetes. How do they appear?
– Diabetes mellitus type – β 1 – is caused by autoimmune disorders (absolute insulin deficiency). Type 2 diabetes develops as a result of insulin resistance. The main factors of the disease are obesity, low physical activity, high-calorie diet, urbanization. About 95% of these cases result in type 2 diabetes.
Many diseases are “getting younger.” Do endocrine diseases apply to them? At what age is this most often observed?
– Yes, there is “rejuvenation.” If earlier type 2 diabetes prevailed after 40 years, now there is an increase in the incidence among 20-30-year-olds. This is again associated with a decrease in obesity and physical activity. However, among people still elderly (up to 24-25% from 75-79 years old) more.
Is it a hereditary disease? What needs to be done to prevent the disease?
– This disease is mixed. There are also genetic predisposition and environmental factors. More than 75%of patients live in countries with middle incomes and below, where lifestyle and access to health care play an important role. For prevention, it is necessary to monitor weight and maintain physical activity ≥ 150 minutes per week. You should limit sweets and sugar and stick to a diet. The most important thing is to get screened on time.
