Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases. To obtain static information about the symptoms and features of this disease, we interviewed Moldir Ermekovna Maratova, endocrinologist of the 1st therapeutic department of the National Hospital, chairman of the Council of Young Specialists.
– The country keeps statistics on endocrine diseases. The most common diseases include diabetes mellitus (type 1,2), thyroid pathologies, adrenal gland pathologies, pituitary gland. According to the latest data, about 589 million people in the world aged 20 to 79 suffer from diabetes. And in our country, according to 2025, more than 540,000 people are registered, says endocrinologist M. Ermekkyzy.
The doctor spoke about the special symptoms of this disease and what people should pay special attention to
– General diabetes mellitus at the initial stage cannot be detected by external signs. But people over 35 years old, overweight, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in relatives, with poor diet, sedentary people have a high risk of developing diabetes. As for specific signs, attention should be paid to signs of fatigue, weakness, desertification, decreased performance, a sharp decrease in body weight.
As noted above, the number of patients with diabetes is large and, unfortunately, is increasing every year. This is due to the fact that people do not lead a healthy lifestyle. The diet of a large number of people has been violated. One of the main reasons is the use of fast food, an energy drink. Sleep is incomplete, able-bodied people have low physical activity. All this leads to the occurrence of overweight, in the future the risk of developing diabetes increases. Timely examination (determination of the level of sugar, glycated hemoglobin in people over 40 years old) is not carried out. Despite high sugar levels, many people only seek medical attention for complications without paying much attention. Currently, the number of overweight people is increasing, so we can say that type 2 diabetes is getting younger.
– What needs to be done to prevent endocrine diseases? Since it is often caused by metabolic disorders, it is important to follow a diet and lose weight. It is necessary to regulate sleep, undergo timely examination and minimize stressful situations.
Special attention! Endocrine diseases begin in childhood. When forming the child’s body, it is important to take useful nutrients (iodine deficiency, vitamin D) in a timely manner and be physically active. If you are now close to bad habits and are overweight, then in the future your generation also has a risk of metabolic diseases.
The doctor M. Ermekovna also presented information on the incidence of iodine deficiency ZOB
– The popular concept of a healthy population (ARS) essentially means an increase in the size of the thyroid gland. Lack of iodine in the body affects the intensive functioning of the thyroid gland, the formation of nodes, an increase in total volume. These are structural changes whose activity is assessed by determining the level of hormones in the blood. In addition, autoimmune processes, hereditary factors affect the function of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid hormone insufficiency is called hypothyroidism, and excessive secretion is called hyperthyroidism. Both of these cases have their own methods of treatment and are carried out with the help of drugs only under the supervision of an endocrinologist. In most cases, people start treatment and come with complications without going through a second examination. It is important to control thyroid hormones, all metabolic processes in the body, to identify and treat it in a timely manner, says endocrinologist M. Maratova.
