Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, the etiology of which is mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is a dangerous disease that affects the lungs and skin, eyes and bones, brain and lymph nodes, intestines, kidneys. Pulmonary tuberculosis is most common.
According to WHO, about 10 million people in the world suffer from tuberculosis every year. In Kazakhstan, by the end of 2025, the incidence of tuberculosis decreased by 9.9%, the figure was 30.1 per 100 thousand population.
❗️ How tuberculosis infection occurs: The main source of infection is a sick person – a bacteriodetator. In addition to humans, the source of infection can be a sick animal.
❗️ Ways of infection: airborne droplets, household contact, alimentation: through food when eating raw dairy products from an animal sick with tuberculosis. The incubation period, that is, the period of time from infection to the manifestation of the first symptoms, can be from 3 months to several years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very stable in the external environment: in the soil it lasts up to 6 months, in raw milk – up to 2 weeks, in oil and cheese – up to 1 year. Ultraviolet rays on Mycobacterium tuberculosis are destructive, and when boiling, they die within 3-5 minutes.
❗️ The risk group for TB disease includes family members where there is a TB patient; non-vaccinated children and children from socially disadvantaged families; persons abusing alcohol, smoking, psychotropic substances; suffering from diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, cancer and other chronic diseases.
❗️ Symptoms of tuberculosis: cough for more than 2 weeks, initially dry, then with the release of sputum; hemoptysis; increased night sweats; loss of appetite, weight loss; menstrual disorder in women; chest pain, chills; continuous temperature within 37.0 – 37.50С; unreasonable general weakness, malaise.
✅️ Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: Fluorography or chest X-ray, sputum examination and blood tests.
If you observe these symptoms in yourself or your loved ones, be sure to consult a doctor!
